In her 1998 article, Chun discusses computer-assisted intonation
training and possible design implementations for future software. Intonation
training is something that has been (and continues to be?) overlooked in
language classes. Intonation was never addressed in any language classes I
attended. A major obstacle for teaching intonation is the ability to fully
comprehend intonation patterns in the given language. Even teachers who are
native speakers may not be conscious enough of these patterns to be able to
teach them to their students. As Chun pointed out, intonation was not
previously well understood in linguistics or applied linguistics. Within
functional linguistics, which looks at discourse and natural speech, the
intonation unit is the relevant domain for these pitch patterns. The size of
the intonation unit differs from language to language, so an intonation unit
does not necessarily correspond with a clause or a sentence. Therefore, in
certain languages, a single utterance can have multiple intonation units. That
being said, when using software for intonation practice, the assumption is that
grammatically meaningful units will be presented to learners. However, it can't
be assumed that intonation units are going to correspond with a single word,
clause, or sentence. This means that for some languages, meaningful units of
intonation will not always correlate with meaningful units of grammar. Does
this matter at all for intonation training software? Do language learners need
to be aware of this, consciously or unconsciously, to acquire native-like
intonation? Perhaps not, but language specific intonation patterns need to be
taken into account when selecting a training method, computer-assisted or
otherwise.
Good questions, Megan. I think that the first thing to know about when using intonation training software is the intonation system of the language being taught. You're right that intonation units will be different for languages, some corresponding to words, some to phrases, some to sentences. Knowledge and awareness of the intonation system comprise the first hurdle. The second hurdle is that intonation is so context-dependent that it is hard to describe and prescribe. I think that the thing to keep in mind about teaching and learning intonation is not so much the goal of native-like intonation, but rather learning enough about the rhythm and melody of language to speak the L2 more *comprehensibly*, not necessarily completely native-like.
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